Reevaluating Pretreatment with P2Y12 Inhibitors in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI): A Paradigm Shift in Antiplatelet Therapy

Abstract

The management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), particularly non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), has evolved significantly over the past decade. Pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors, once a cornerstone in the therapeutic strategy for NSTEMI, is now being critically reassessed. Emerging evidence suggests that the routine use of P2Y12 inhibitors prior to coronary angiography may not confer the anticipated benefits and could potentially increase the risk of bleeding complications without a corresponding reduction in ischemic events. This article reviews the current literature, clinical trials, and guidelines to elucidate the rationale behind the declining recommendation for P2Y12 inhibitor pretreatment in NSTEMI patients. We explore the pathophysiological mechanisms, the balance between ischemic and bleeding risks, and the implications for clinical practice. The shift towards a more individualized approach, guided by risk stratification and the timing of invasive strategies, is discussed in detail. This review aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of antiplatelet therapy in NSTEMI, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based decision-making in optimizing patient outcomes.